各種土壌消毒法による青枯病菌密度抑制効果の事例解析

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タイトル別名
  • Case studies of various soil disinfection methods on Ralstonia solanacearum population reduction in soil

抄録

各種土壌消毒がどの程度の深さまで青枯病菌に対する殺菌効果を持つか調査を行った.クロルピクリンおよびダゾメットによる化学くん蒸では地下40㎝まで青枯病菌を殺菌したが,地下60 ㎝では効果が見られなかった.米ぬかを用いた還元消毒でも深い部分の青枯病菌に対する殺菌効果は低かった.一方で糖蜜やエタノールを用いた還元消毒では地下60 ㎝まで青枯病菌に対する高い殺菌効果が認められた.クロピクフローでは低温期の処理でも地下60㎝まで青枯病菌に対する殺菌効果が認められたが,深い部分ほど消毒効果が弱かった.どの消毒方法を採用するかは,土壌の汚染程度と共に,作型や経済性を考慮する必要がある.

Various soil disinfectants were analyzed on their ability to decrease the density of the bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. For chemical fumigants such as chloropicrin and dazomet, R. solanacearum was sterilized up to 40 cm below ground, but no effect was observed at 60 cm below ground. Soil reduction using rice bran was also not able to sufficiently reduce the population of R. solanacearum in deep soil. On the other hand, soil reduction using molasses or ethanol led to high suppression of the R. solanacearum population up to 60 cm underground. Chlopic flow, a method of irrigation using chloropicrin, achieved a bactericidal effect against R. solanacearum up to 60 cm depth, even at low temperatures. However, disinfecting effect was negatively correlated with depth. The choice of disinfection method should be based on the degree of contamination in the soil, cultivation time, and economic costs.

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