称名滝と称名渓谷の水の化学成分濃度，化学組成の変化

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  • ショウミョウダキ ト ショウミョウ ケイコク ノ ミズ ノ カガク セイブン ノウド 、 カガク ソセイ ノ ヘンカ
  • Changes of ion concentrations and chemical constituents of Syomyo fall and Syomyo river

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Abstract

立山地獄谷の噴気の活発化に伴う称名滝における水質変化を過去の水質と2014年の観測結果から比較検討した．2012年までの称名滝でのpHの値は3.6～4.0の範囲で変動したが，2014年はpHの値が3.4～4.1の範囲で変動した．目視による流量とpHとの関係では，融雪時やまとまった降雨後の流量が多い時ほどpHが低下する傾向があり，流量が少ない時は，pHが高めになるという意外な結果が出た．これは，融雪時には積雪中に閉じ込められた酸性成分が，降雨時には噴気口周辺に付着した酸性成分が溶出するためと考えられた．称名川の水は，流下するにつれて流入する支流の水に希釈され，酸性成分濃度の低下，pHの上昇が見られ，常願寺川本川との合流点付近の藤橋では，ほぼ中性の値となっていた．

Changes of water chemistry at the Shomyo waterfall with activations of emitting gas from fumarole in the Jigokudani on Mt. Tateyama were analysed. Values of pH of water at the Shomyo waterfall until 2012 were ranged from 3.6 to 4.0, however, these were fluctuated in the range from 3.4 to 4.1 in 2014. The low values of pH were observed with runoff of thaw and hard rain water though there was much flow rate. Concentrations of sulfate ions and chloride ions of water at Shomyo waterfall in 2014 were not more than that in past investigations. The pH values of water at the Shomyo waterfall were decreased in the decrease of values of calcium ion / sulfate ion ratios (in molar concentration ratios).The acidic water at the Shomyo River was neutralized by waters of tributary rivers e.g. Zakkoku-dani river, Hitotsu-dani river and Araya-gawa river. Especially, water of the Araya-gawa river were having large buffering capacities. This was due to hard water from limestone area.

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