The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and Archaeology in Japan

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Research regarding Japanese archaeological history up until now has beenadvanced with a central focus on investigation and research in the Japanesearchipelago (the naichi ["domestic territory"] or Japan proper.) Meanwhile,archaeological research in the gaichi ("overseas territories")—areas outsidethe Japanese archipelago that were temporarily made territories ofJapan—has hardly been taken up as a matter of consideration. This paper,taking archaeological history to be a part of modern Japanese history, summarizesthe significance of research in the overseas territories.The "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" was a concept that cameto be espoused in 1932 for the sake of establishing the framework for anew order in East Asia, and throughout East Asia there was archaeologicalresearch carried out in connection with the policy. Following the annexationof Korea in 1910, the post of Governor-General was established onthe Korean Peninsula, and research was conducted throughout the region,with research locations established in Pyongyang, Gyeongju and Buyeounder the Government-General Museum of Chosen. Research on Han dynastytombs in the Lelang region is specially noted.With the establishment in 1932 of Manchukuo in northeastern China,the Far-Eastern Archaeological Society, organized in Japan proper, independentlycarried out archaeological research. The northern regionof China was called Hokushi ("North China"), and the Far-EasternArchaeological Society took on research in this region as well, researchingsites that included Han dynasty tombs and the Yungang Grottoes. In thesouthern region of China, research on matters such as artifacts excavatedat Yinxu in the Nanjing area was carried out by Japanese scholars as well.That is to say, in the early Showa period (1926–1945), followingthe Sino-Japanese war that began in 1937, archaeological research wasconducted primarily by Japanese official scholars in colonies that wereoccupied under the framework of the Greater East Asia Co-ProsperitySphere; and this point is verifiable as a characteristic feature in the archaeologicalhistory of the era.

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