Is Social Security Reform Really Willing to Deal with Poverty?

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In Japan, the growing issue of poverty has been in the spotlight since 2000.Due to the government's Social Security Reform, the state of anti-povertypolicy, including the public assistance system, has come into question, andnew structures (philosophies and systems) for supporting poor and needypersons have started to be introduced. This movement is not unrelated toideological discussions and trends occurring in social security policy in theWest and East Asia.While presenting trends in poverty research and social security policy(specifically, anti-poverty policies) in Japan and abroad, this paper firstconfirms the kinds of restructuring of social security systems recentlytaking place in various countries in light of conceptual/ideological discussionand political/economic background. Second, this paper presents andassesses movements in specific social security policies in Japan andabroad, while referencing frameworks for ideological discussion such asbasic income theory. Third, the challenges that remain in Japan's anti-povertypolicy are examined based on the above discussion by contrastingthem with social security policies abroad, particularly focusing on problemsregarding minimum subsistence and income redistribution.

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