中世ヨーロッパの健康書『タクイヌム・サニターティス』の項目の比較

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  • チュウセイ ヨーロッパ ノ ケンコウショ 『 タクイヌム ・ サニターティス 』 ノ コウモク ノ ヒカク
  • Comarison of Items in manuscripts of Tacuinum Sanitatis, or Handbook of Health in Medieval Europe

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Tacuinum Sanitatis, one of the handbooks of diet and regimen sannitatis in medieval Europe, was originally written in Arabic in the form of table by Christian physician Ibn Butlan in eleventh-century Baghdad. It contained forty tables, each of which was composed of seven items, which means that it related 280 items. When it was translated into Latin in Europe with the title of Tacuinum Sanitatis, the composition was not so changed. The Latin manuscripts reserved the form of 40 tables and 280 items. However,in the last quarter of fourteenth century, appeared the new type of Tacuinum Sanitatis with images of items and only shorter explanations. They lost the form of table and consisted smaller number of points. To get spaces for the images, the form of table had to be changed, but the diminution of items needs more considerations. Here the lists of items of tables of Tacuinum Sanitatis in Latin version and those of Tacuinum Sanitatis with images are examined and it gets clear that large parts of items deleted out are those of exotic cuisines or oriental ingredients which are difficult to show their identity for painters. Furthermore, we can confirm not only the decrease of but also the increase of items, which are familiar to Europeans, for example, pork or parsley. Illuminated manuscripts of Tacuinum Sanitatis were made to be more adaptable to Europe.

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