<論説>ローマ帝政前期小アジアにおける文化資本 --経済的持続性を中心に--

DOI HANDLE Web Site Web Site オープンアクセス

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • <Articles>Civic Cultural Capital in Roman Asia Minor, Focusing On Its Economic Sustainability
  • ローマ帝政前期小アジアにおける文化資本 : 経済的持続性を中心に
  • ローマ テイセイ ゼンキ ショウアジア ニ オケル ブンカ シホン : ケイザイテキ ジゾクセイ オ チュウシン ニ
  • Civic Cultural Capital in Roman Asia Minor, Focusing On Its Economic Sustainability

この論文をさがす

抄録

ローマ帝政前期の属州都市において, 公共建築物の造営などの公的事業は, しばしば富裕な都市有力者の私費によって賄われたが, 本稿が対象とする小アジアのギリシア都市はその慣行が顕著にみられる一方で, 紀元二世紀を通して, 主たる事業が建築物の建設から祝祭の開催に移行したことが知られる。先行研究は, かかる現象に対して, 都市有力者の視点を重視してきたが, 本稿では, 公共建築物と祝祭を都市に対して文化的のみならず, 経済的な価値を供給する文化資本とみることで, 受益者たる都市社会にとっての両者の意義に迫る。都市にとって, 両者は二項対立的なものではなく, 商人の場所代として公的収入をもたらす建築物, および市場を目的とする商人を引きつける祝祭が組み合わされて初めて, 都市の経済的活況という持続的価値が生じることとなった。さらに, その経済的価値は, ギリシア都市としての名誉に関わる文化的価値をも相補的に高めていたのである。/ This paper examines the significance for Greek cities in Asia Minor of public buildings and festivals that flourished as public benefactions provided by civic elites. Generally, it has been acknowledged that during the second century AD, the most popular benefaction conferred by the elites in Asia Minor gradually changed from public buildings to festivals. Previous studies have put emphasis on the meanings of the change for the elites who made the benefaction. In this article, I regard instead the public buildings and the festivals as cultural capital, and then I try to clarify how the cities as beneficiaries of the cultural capital employed it and what kind of profit they gained through its operation. Cultural capital in this context is a notion of modern cultural economics. In the field, cultural capital is defined as, “an asset which embodies, stores or provides cultural value in addition to whatever economic value it may possess.” Though there was no identical concept in ancient times, as the words of ancient writers reveal, public buildings and the festivals were in fact of cultural and economic importance for Greek cities. And this notion enables us to argue the sustainability of cultural phenomenon not only from an economic point of view but also by examining correlations and alterations of the cultural and economic value of capital. Therefore, if we adopt the viewpoint of the operation of cultural capital by cities, it is possible to approach grasping the significance of sustainable benefactions such as buildings and the festivals for civic communities. In this paper, I discuss particularly economic aspects of cultural capital. Firstly, I examine circumstances in the second century AD regarding the providing of public buildings and the economic benefit that the buildings brought to cities. At the beginning of the second century, as Pliny the Younger informs us, people in Bithynia abandoned construction of some new buildings before their completion principally due to fiscal problems. Several Roman legal sources concerned with the situation in the first half of the second century also confirm that there was a move to restrict cancellation of construction that had been caused by faulty financial management. So, we can recognize that cities in the period had difficulty supplying new construction due to fiscal problems. Public buildings would normally bring certain economic benefits to cities. For example, we can confirm from an inscription in first-century Aphrodisias that a public workshop contributed to an increase of city revenue. In addition, a second-century inscription from Magnesia am Maeander reveals that the merchants or sellers who did their business in a public bath of the city paid a part of their income as a kind of rent for doing business in a public place to the civic organization. Next, I address the economic problems of the festivals, which became popular as benefactions, replacing buildings during the second century. While financial control of buildings was lax, that for festivals in the second century was relatively sound. For instance, in the reign of Hadrian, C. Iulius Demosthenes of Oenoanda established a foundation for a new musical festival that was based on lending money with interest. As long as the system was maintained, funds for the festival could be collected sustainably. Festivals also yielded economic benefit for the cities. Usually, a market was held at the time of a festival of a polis. In other words, the occasions for festivals attracted not only spectators or worshipers, but a

収録刊行物

  • 史林

    史林 102 (4), 561-598, 2019-07-31

    史学研究会 (京都大学大学院文学研究科内)

キーワード

詳細情報 詳細情報について

問題の指摘

ページトップへ