JAPAN'S HOUSE CONSTRUCTION WARRANTY AND ITS REINSURANCE SYSTEM

IR HANDLE

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  • 日本における住宅瑕疵担保責任保険と再保険制度

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Abstract

日本では「住宅品質確保法」によって新築住宅の10年間の補償が住宅事業者に義務付けられている．住宅に瑕疵（欠陥）が見つかった場合には，事業者は無料で修理する瑕疵担保責任を負う．2009年1月施行の「住宅瑕疵担保責任法」は，事業者が保証金を預けておいたり，住宅瑕疵担保責任保険（住宅かし保険）に加入することによって，倒産した場合でも，欠陥を修理するための資金を確保することを義務付けた．住宅瑕疵担保責任保険は国土交通省から指定された住宅専門の保険会社5社が引き受けを行い，損害保険会社が再保険を担う．住宅専門の保険会社は建築の各段階における検査を行う．こうした我が国固有の制度にはメリットとデメリットがある．

In Japan, housing suppliers' 10-year warranty towards buyer is compulsory since 2000. Considering the possibility of suppliers' bankruptcy and insolvency, housing warranty has been designed by the Special Law on Fulfillment of Housing Warranty and Quality voted on May 30th 2007 and implemented on October 1st 2009. Under this law, the seller/contractor can either make a deposit in a specific Government account or subscribe a Housing Warranty Insurance. This insurance cover is sold by MLIT - approved Insurance Entities, in charge of on-site inspections during the construction process. These entities reinsure themselves with the General Insurance Companies which are monitored by the independent Financial Services Agency (FSA). The fact that some of the General Insurance Companies are shareholders of the Insurance Entities they reinsure and also the existence of a not-so-transparent but compulsory reinsurance pool where all the General Insurance Companies mutualize such reinsurance business may entice the effort to explore the particular merits and demerits of this rather unique Japanese insurance and reinsurance system.

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