欧州委員会による「デジタル時代のための競争政策最終報告書 」 (2019 年) (2・完)

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  • [COMMENT] “Competition Policy for the digital era, Final report,”by Jacques Crémer, Yves Alexandre de Montjoye, and Heike Schweitzer for the European Commission (2019)(2)

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Abstract

Departmental Bulletin Paper

On April 4, 2019, the European Commission published an expert report titled “Competition Policy for the digital era, Final report.” At the request of the EU Commissioner for competition Margrethe Vestag er, three outside scholars prepared the report to explore how EU competition policy should evolve in the digital age. They analyze the three main characteristics of the digital economy ( i.e. (a) extreme returns to scale, (b) network externalities, and (c) the role of data) and identify strong economies of scope in the digital economy, which foster the development of platforms and/or ecosystems, giving incumbents a strong competitive advantage that makes them “very difficult to dislodge.” The scholars also identify strong incentives for dominant digital companies to engage in anti competitive behavior. They conclude that the existing basic framework of EU competition law is sufficiently flexible and reliable to protect competition, and serve consumers in t he digital age. However, the scholars emphasize that it requires some adjustments to its various established concepts and assessment tools. With the rise of big technology companies like Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon (GAFA), and/or Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent (BAT), governmental authorities all over the world are now facing the similar problems as mentioned above. They should cooperate in studying the issues and thereby design the additional regulatory framework that is necessary in the digital world.

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