Effect of Depressive Tendencies and Individual Differences in Imagery Ability on Imagery Experiences

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The purpose of this study is to examine (1) the relationship between imagery vividness and controllability and depressive tendencies; and (2) the effect of depressive tendencies and imagery vividness on imagery experience. The shortened form of Betts' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery (QMI), the Test of Visual Imagery Control (TVIC), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to participants. I asked participants to recall imagery of a successful examination (positive image) and an unsuccessful examination (negative image) for 3 minutes with their eyes closed. I counterbalanced to present the image and evaluated the participants' imagery experiences after each and every one of their recollections. To evaluate the imagery experiences, I used an 18-item scale that asked about the vividness of the imagery for each sensory modality, physical sensation, and sense of reality. The results showed a weak positive correlation between the vividness of imagery of physical sensations and depressive tendencies. Those expressing high depressive tendencies and high imagery vividness strongly felt tensed cheeks (straining) when recalling the negative image. Although imagery autonomy decreased, imagery of physical movements became stronger. Those with a high depressive tendency and low imagery vividness experienced a decreased sensation of physical movement when recalling the negative image. Participants who have depressive tendencies exhibit them through imagery, particularly with physical sensations. The manner in which such characteristics are exhibited may be influenced by the content of the recalled image and individual differences in imagery vividness.

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