Factors related to quality of life of patients with adult spinal deformity and chronic low back pain

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There is no consensus on the association among spinal alignment with back pain, physical function, and quality of life (QOL) of patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Moreover, research on elderly patients with ASD is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the factors associated with QOL of patients with ASD and chronic low back pain. Physical functions associated with QOL, which reflects physical activity, were examined. A total of 43 patients with chronic back pain (age 70.0 ± 4.7 years) persisting for over 3 months and ASD according to the Scoliosis Research Society–Schwab classification were included. Radiographic spinopelvic parameters, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire score, visual analogue scale score, mobility of lumbar extension (LL-Ext) and flexion (LL-Flex), six-minute walk test (6MWT) score, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) scores were used. Gait QOL was significantly correlated with 6MWT score (r = 0.38), LL-Flex (r = 0.42), LL-Ext (r = 0.58), and pelvic tilt (r = 0.31). Social QOL was significantly correlated with 6MWT score (r = 0.43), LL-Ext (r = 0.47), and pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis (r = 0.31). Multiple regression analysis identified 6MWT score (β = 0.563, p < 0.001) as a significant factor for Gait QOL and VAS score as a significant factor for Social QOL (β = 0.504, p < 0.001). As a conclusion, QOL (Pain QOL, Lumbar QOL, Gait QOL, and Social QOL) of the patient with spinal deformity and chronic low back pain was related to each other, and especially, it was indicated that Gait QOL and Social QOL had the very strong relevance from the relationship between walking function and VAS score.

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