ロシアと日本：19 世紀後半における近代化 : 20世紀の革命への前兆として

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  • Russia and Japan : Modernization in the Second Half of the XIX Century as a Precursor of the Revolutions of XX Century

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The article is aimed to study the process of modernization, which took place in the middle of the 19th century in Russia and Japan. The authors, analyzing “the epoch of great reforms” in Russia and period of Meiji Restoration in Japan, pay attention to the similarities and differences during the realization in both countries of important reforms, which determined the political, economic and social character of respective country for many decades. Russian and Japanese reforms were united by common aim --- to realize serious modernization of social-political and economic organization in the interest of liquidation of backwardness from countries of the West, in order to ensure their own security and possibility for active participation in reconstruction of the world order in the age of capitalism. In difference from Russia Japanese modernization was characterized by deeper and broader character, touched the sphere of political organization that allowed Japan to avoid serious social explosions and to provide possibility for a victory in Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05. Russian reforms were characterized by more limited character; they did not touch the system of state organization, and to a great extent predetermined the inevitability of revolutionary outburst of 1905, and later revolution of 1917. On the other hand, Japanese reforms, despite their radicalism, in many spheres were marked by half-baked character, what lead Japan to become a militarist-aggressive state. But after its collapse, in 1945-51 (during occupation period) revolutionary type of transformation followed resulting in the creation of democratic state with market economy according to “western model”, but with Japanese specific characters.

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