Observing and assessing children’s free play by employing the structure of 10 Sugata

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Other Title
  • 「幼児期の終わりまでに育ってほしい10の姿」に働きかける 幼児の自由遊びの観察と評価

Abstract

本研究は，鳥取県山間部に位置する八頭郡智頭町に唯一存在する認可保育園と認可外 保育施設をフィールドに，自由遊びの観察と評価を行うことを目的とした。２つの園に在園 する年長児合計49 名の自由遊びの観察を行い，「幼児期の終わりまでに育ってほしい10 の 姿」との関連を踏まえ，一定の経験を有する保育者・研究者等が協働してナラティヴを構成した。最終的に本研究では，コロンビア大学カストデロによる音楽活動のフロー観察法 (FIMA)を援用し，各事例でどのようにフローが表出しているか，質的な側面の評価を行った。本研究から得られた結果として，それぞれの園での活動とあわせて２つの園における10の姿の出現の違い，フローの持続やその特徴が明らかにされた。

This study investigates children’s free play in two contrasting settings: a nursery and kindergarten in Chizu-cho in Tottori Prefecture. The former is a public nursery and the latter is a privately owned kindergarten that is well-known for its forest kindergarten. First, a team of researchers observed free play in the two facilities, and videotaped them. By using the videos as a cue, we conducted semistructuredinterviews. We particularly focused on how the new Japanese course of Kindergarten called 10 sugata, ten targeted abilities and skills that we want infants to cultivate by the end of their childhood,was implemented, and how the teachers recognize and consider the children’s play and the element of 10 sugata. Next, the study conducted a flow assessment by employing Custodero’s (1998 & 2005) Flow Assessment in Children’s Musical Activities (FIMA). The study concludes that a different environment fosters children’s free play differently. The public nursery respects expressive quality, thinking skills and contextual influences, while the privately owned kindergarten emphasizes nurturing the healthy minds and body, and respect of life existence in and through realistic experiences. As for flow assessment, the former facilitated more variety and lengthened flow derived by the spontaneous-imaginary play.

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