Multiple hypercytokinemia in human parechovirus-3 infection in infants with pediatric systemic inflammatory response syndrome

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[SUMMARY] Severe outcomes such as sepsis-like illness, meningoencephalitis, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis have been reported in neonates and young infants with human parechovirus-3（HPeV-3） infection, suggesting a possible significant role for cytokine storm in this infection. However, this remains unproven. In this report, we describe the inflammatory cytokine profiles in serum samples of 2 infants with HPeV-3 infection with systemic inflammatory response syndrome that were investigated using cytokine multiplex assay. Both infants had elevated serum levels of several cytokines, particularly MCP-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. These results could provide direct evidence for the involvement of cytokine storm in the pathophysiology of HPeV-3 infection.

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