佐田谷・佐田峠墳墓群発掘調査報告書 研究編

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The Satadani-Satadao group of graves with burial mound, where the excavations were carried out, is located at the urban area on the east side of Shōbara city in the northern part of Hiroshima Prefecture. The group was built between the end of the last third of the Middle Yayoi period (1st century BC) and the first third of the Late Yayoi period (1st century AD). A series of excavations yielded the following results: Satadani grave No. 1 and 2, Satadao grave No. 3 are graves with rectangular burial mound and four corner projections (yosumi tosshutsugata funkyū bo); Satadao grave No. 4 has also a rectangular burial mound with four corner projections, but it has subsequently been modified and altered into a square-shaped burial mound; Satadani grave No. 3, Satadao grave No. 1 and 2 are square-shaped ditch-enclosed slightly elevated burial precincts (hōkei shūkō bo); Satadao grave No. 5 is a square-shaped ditch-enclosed slightly elevated burial precinct (hōkei shūkō bo), where on the inside of the ditch-enclosed space a grave pit was confirmed. One important result of this investigation was the discovery of variations in Yayoi burial mound construction techniques. Towards the end of the last third of the Middle Yayoi period after repeated burials of several individuals, the burial mound of the Satadao No. 3 grave was completed. In other words, it became clear, that at the grave No. 3 with rectangular burial mound with four corner projections, grave pits were first excavated before the burial mound was finally taking shape. Then the deceased persons were buried within and thereafter the grave pits were backfilled with the soil of the pit excavation. The so repeated iterations of grave pit excavation, burial and backfilling gradually produced the mound. However, on the other hand at Satadani grave No. 1, Satadao grave No.1 and 2 the burials took place after the earthworks of the mound were nearly completed. According to the results of the surveys, within the same group of graves one could confirm that the construction methods of the burial mounds changed: from the type, where the mound and the burial facilities are simultaneously constructed (“concurrent progression” type) of the end of the last third of the Middle Yayoi period to the type, where burial mound construction proceeds first (“mound first” type) of the first third of the Late Yayoi period. It became clear that this is a rather rare group of graves with burial mound. Due to our research it became clear that from the San’in region to the Chūgoku mountain range, a type of burial – termed here, the “mound last” type – can be found, wherein an earth mound was constructed only after digging the grave and completing the burial. The “concurrent progressive” types, referred to previously, were common in the Middle Yayoi period stage. The “mound-first” type noted at Satadani grave No. 1 appeared in the Late Yayoi period. These elements were adopted in large or huge burial mounds in other regions. This empirical evidence demonstrates that changes in burial mound construction methods were a catalyst for the changes in burial rites – concerning their scale and magnificence on the occasion of burials of chiefs. In Satadani burial mound No. 3, small grave pits are distributed at the lower level of the mounding, revealing that burials were continually taking place there while the mound was being formed. Furthermore, a large grave pit over 6m in length, which constitutes the principal burial chamber, was detected in the upper mounding along with shafts and other burial facilities, and part of this pit was revealed to be overlapping with another grave pit which constitutes a peripheral burial chamber. It is therefore plausible that this burial mound can be classified as an “eclectic” style that mixes together the “concurrent progressive” and “mound-first” styles. Moreover, two pieces of earthenware were unearthed: vermilion-lacquered vessels with spout and large attached pedestal foot. Th

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