Photosphere and Spectrum of Black-Hole Accretion Flow Near to the Eddington Rate

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We examine the observational appearance of optically thick, spherically symmetric accretion onto a black hole at around the critical accretion rate. We find that the apparent photosphere deviates markedly from a sphere, but becomes a parabolic-like shape. In addition, the observed temperature over the apparent photosphere is not uniform, but varies significantly from the center to the limb, which shows a strong limb-darkening effect. As a result, the expected spectrum is not a simple blackbody, but becomes a multi-color-type blackbody.

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