An Unprecedented Case of p190 <i>BCR-ABL</i> Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Diagnosed during Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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  • An Unprecedented Case of p190 BCR-ABL Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Diagnosed during Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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<jats:p>We report the case of a 76-year-old man who was diagnosed as having chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with p190 <jats:italic>BCR-ABL</jats:italic> while receiving treatment for symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). The diagnosis of MM was based on the presence of serum M-protein, abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, and lytic bone lesions. The patient achieved a partial response to lenalidomide and dexamethasone treatment. However, 2 years after the diagnosis of MM, the patient developed leukocytosis with granulocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow examination revealed Philadelphia chromosomes and chimeric p190 <jats:italic>BCR-ABL</jats:italic> mRNA. Fluorescence in situ hybridization also revealed <jats:italic>BCR-ABL</jats:italic>-positive neutrophils in the peripheral blood, which suggested the emergence of CML with p190 <jats:italic>BCR-ABL</jats:italic>. The codevelopment of MM and CML is very rare, and this is the first report describing p190 <jats:italic>BCR-ABL</jats:italic>-type CML coexisting with MM. Moreover, we have reviewed the literature regarding the coexistence of these diseases.</jats:p>

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