Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channels MCA1 and MCA2 mediate cold-induced cytosolic Ca2+ increase and cold tolerance in Arabidopsis

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Cold shock triggers an immediate rise in the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub>) in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> and this cold-induced elevation of [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub> is inhibited by lanthanum or EGTA. It is suggested that intracellular calcium mainly contributes to the cold-induced [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub> response by entering into the cytosol. Two calcium-permeable mechanosensitive channels, MCA1 and MCA2 (<jats:italic>mid1</jats:italic>-complementing activity), have been identified in Arabidopsis. Here, we demonstrate that MCA1 and MCA2 are involved in a cold-induced increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub>. The cold-induced [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub> increase in <jats:italic>mca1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mca2</jats:italic> mutants was markedly lower than that in wild types. The <jats:italic>mca1 mca2</jats:italic> double mutant exhibited chilling and freezing sensitivity, compared to wild-type plants. Expression of <jats:italic>At5g61820</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>At3g51660</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>At4g15490</jats:italic>, which are not regulated by the <jats:italic>CBF/DREB1s</jats:italic> transcription factor, was down-regulated in <jats:italic>mca1 mca2</jats:italic>. These results suggest that MCA1 and MCA2 are involved in the cold-induced elevation of [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>cyt</jats:sub>, cold tolerance, and <jats:italic>CBF/DREB1</jats:italic>-independent cold signaling.</jats:p>

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