Relation between Fractal Inhomogeneity and In/Nb-Arrangement in Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Relaxor ferroelectrics show substantial responses to electric fields. The key difference from normal ferroelectrics is a temperature-dependent inhomogeneous structure and its dynamics. The lead-based complex perovskite Pb(In<jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub>Nb<jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub>)O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>is an intriguing system in which the inhomogeneous structure can be controlled by thermal treatment. Herein, we report investigations of the phase transitions in single crystals of Pb(In<jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub>Nb<jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub>)O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>via changing the degree of randomness in which In and Nb occupy the B site of the ABO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>perovskite structure. We studied the dynamic properties of the structure using inelastic light scattering and the static properties using diffuse X-ray scattering. These properties depend on the degree of randomness with which the B site is occupied. When the distribution of occupied In/Nb sites is regular, the antiferroelectric phase is stabilised by a change in the collective transverse-acoustic wave, which suppresses long-range ferroelectric order and the growth of the inhomogeneous structure. However, when the B site is occupied randomly, a fractal structure grows as the temperature decreases below<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sup>*</jats:sup>~475 K, and nanosized ferroelectric domains are produced by the percolation of self-similar and static polar nanoregions.</jats:p>

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