Hirayama Eizo and the Turin International Exhibition 1911

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  • 1911年トリノ万国博覧会と平山英三
  • 1911ネン　トリノ　バンコク　ハクランカイ　ト　ヒラヤマ　エイゾウ
  • 1911ネン トリノ バンコク ハクランカイ ト ヒラヤマエイサン

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Abstract

Retiring from the department of industrial design in 1907, Hirayama Eizo was dispatched to the International Exhibition held in Turin, Italy, as the head of the Japanese Exhibition Committee in 1911. During the exhibition, he made a short trip from Turin to Vienna, where he learned firsthand about many industrial products and furniture, which were based on the new European art style. In his articles on the Turin International Exhibition published in1912, Hirayama reported that the style of many European products showed the change from the traditional Western art style derived from Greek and Roman style, which was based on Historicism, to the new style, which was characterized by Japanese-style or Chinese-style, especially by simple form, irregular ornamentation, and soft color. And moreover, reporting that new European furniture had shown the change from the complex form with carving to the simple and plain form, Hirayama criticized Japanese industrial designers for being all too particular about the details of ornamentation. In his article on the improvement of Japanese goods published in 1913, Hirayama advised Japanese industrial designers to move beyond Art Nouveau and Secession, which had spread quickly throughout Japan, and to design new Japanese ornamentation, and he finally defined that the industrial designer should refine and elaborate not ornamentation but form to elevate the aesthetic value of useful products for daily life. Hirayama’s criticism played an important role in developing Japanese design ideas in the second half of the 1910s.

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