An Introduction to Studies for the Early Tibetan Madhyamaka Thought: Pa tshab lo tsā ba Nyi ma grags, His Life and Achievements

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  • チベット初期中観思想研究序説：パツァプ翻訳師ニマタクの生涯と事績
  • チベット ショキ チュウカン シソウ ケンキュウ ジョセツ : パツァプ ホンヤクシ ニマタク ノ ショウガイ ト ジセキ

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Abstract

Pa/sPa tshab lo tsā ba Nyi ma grags, being active at the beginning of the Later Diffusion period （bstan pa phyi dar） around 11th-12th centuries, is one of the most influential translators in Tibet. He mainly introduced Candrakīrti’s Prāsaggika Madhyamaka thought that would form the main stream of Tibetan scholastic traditions of later periods. In spite of his great contribution in this field, his interpretation of Madhyamaka still remains almost unknown for lacking in availability of his original writings. Fortunately, however, this situation has recently changed when the first set of bKa' gdams gsung 'bum （Collected Works of bKa' gdams pa） was published in 2006 and several works ascribed to Pa tshab lo tsā ba became available. In this paper, I aim at re-examining Pa tshab lo tsā ba’s life and achievements mainly based on his printing colophons （par/dpar byang） in reference to a series of historical documents, espcially, Deb ther sngon po. This would be a preliminary study for Pa tshab's Madhyamaka thought in general. The table of contents of this paper is as follows: Introduction Preceding Studies of Modern Scholars on Pa tshab’s Life and Achievements I. List of Translations of Pa tshab lo tsā ba II. List of Works ascribed to Pa tshab lo tsā ba and their Authenticity III. Life and Achievements of Pa tshab lo tsā ba (ca. 1170-1140) 1. Birth place, Date, and Lineage 2. Studies and Translations in Kaśmīr (ca. 1090-1112) (1) Studies on Pramāna under Bhavyarāja (2) Studies on Madhyamaka ① Study of Madhyamakāvatāra under Tilakakalaśa ② Study of Mūlamadhyamakakārikā and its commentary of Candrakīrti named Prasannapadā under Hasumati ③ Study of Catuhśataka and its commentary of Candrakīrti under Sūksmajana ④ Study of Yuktisastikā (and its commentary of Candrakīrti?) under Muditaśrī (3) Studies on Tantric Buddhism On Sajjana’s Two Sons 3. Activities after Returning to Tibet (ca. 1112-1140) (1) Activities in Pu rangs of mNga’ ris (2) Activities in the Central Tibet (dBus) ① Activities in ’Phan yul ② Activities in Ra sa ③ Activities in Bya sa 4. Change of his Title: lo tsā ba to lo chen/ zhu chen gyi lo tsā ba 5. The Year of his Death 6. Some Examples of his Translations and Revisions not mentioned in current printing colophons 7. Transition of his Influence in gSang phu ne’u thog monastery Conclusions Appendix: Chronological Table concerning Pa tshab lo tsā ba Bibliography

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