Retrospective Study of Performance and Power Consumption of Computer Systems

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Power consumption has become an important factor in the design of high-performance computer systems. The power consumption of newer systems is now published but is unknown for many older systems. Data for only two or three generations of systems are insufficient for projecting the performance/power of future systems. We measured the performance and power consumption of 70 computer systems from 1989 to 2011. Our collection of computers included desktop and laptop personal computers, workstations, handheld devices and supercomputers. This is the first paper reporting the performance and power consumption of systems over twenty years, using a uniform method. The primary benchmark we used was Dhrystone. We also used NAS Parallel Benchmarks and CPU2006 suite. The Dhrystone/power ratio was found to be growing exponentially. The data we obtained indicates that the Dhrystone result and the CINT2006 in SPEC CPU2006 correlate closely. The NAS Parallel Benchmarks and CFP2006 results also correlate. Using the trend of Dhrystone/power that we obtained, we predict that the Dhrystone/power ratio will reach 2, 963 VAX MIPS/Watt in 2018, when exaflops machines are expected to appear.

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