ヒマラヤ地帯と柑橘の発現

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タイトル別名
  • Origin of Citrus fruits with reference to Himalaya region
  • ヒマラヤ チタイ ト カンキツ ノ ハツゲン

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If the occurrence of Citrus ichangensis (Ch'êng chou chih _??_) in Naga Hills, Assam, is to be justified, the East Himalayan foothill region should in-volve every representative of Citrus subgenera and sections except the monotypic Citrus madurensis (Chin chü _??_) of the section PSEUDOFORTUNELLA of possible garden origin. It's presumable that the origin of the genus Citrus is quite analog-ous to the creation of unifoliolate and solitary-flow-ered Citropsis Tanakae from other pinnate (or tri-foliolate) and paniculate (or racemose) members of the genus in the comparatively cooler region of Africa, and that of northernmost Severinia buxifolia (Kou chü _??_) of similar status from tropical mem-bers of the same genus having distinct inflores-cence. In such circumstances, some agency must have been existed in Eastern Asia several thousand years ago to drop the characters of compound leaf and inflorescence, leaving possible remainder represented by Poncirus trifoliata (Ju chou chih _??_) in the Yangtze valley of interior China. The origin of the subgenus METACITRUS, therefore, must have happened at the stage when paniculate subgenus ARCHICITRUS lost the inflorescence, as in the case of Citrus ichangensis from the section PAPEDA, like Citrus latipes, C. Combara of Eastern Himalaya. From the fact that the PAPEDA group and the section OSMOCITRUS occupy the broadest area of Citrus distribution, a considerable period must have elasped while the genus is represented only by these two sections of plants, undoubtedly giving rise to its start from Assam and its adjacent territory.<br> Although sect. ACRUMEN approaches most to OSMOCITRUS and both territories of Assam and the Yangtze Valley have definite representatives like Citrus indica and Chü _??_ (still unnamed), its repeated sporadic occurrences throughout the Pacifi ter-ritories may prove its very late origin, somewhat earlier than that of the genus Fortunella, without the direct link to OSMOCITRUS. After PAPEDA had become perfectly adapted to the tropical climate, it must have found the way to transform into the Contribution No. 6, from Tanaka Institute of Cit-riculture and Horticultual Science, College of Agriculture. University or Osaka Prefecture lime (sect. LIMONELLUS) and the shaddock (sect. CEPHALOCITRUS) by either thinning or thicken-ing of pericarp and a considerable elongation of pulp vesicles with the change of contents (the loss of acrid oil). This evolution must have occurred during their southward move to the Pacific Ocean from Himalaya, as evidenced by the fact that the former still grows wild in Malay Peninsula and the latter penetrates deep into East Himalayan foothills and interior China, recorded by men at least 2500 years ago.<br> In the next stage, the transformation of LIMONELLUS must have been directed toward the gain of strong citral aroma without the change of rind texture, intensified anthocyanin pigmentation and the fruit elongation, together with the complete loss of petiole wing. This brought out the small citron (Citrus limonimedica) and the lemon (C. Limon), representing sect. CITROPHORUM, and in taking mainly westward advancing route along the Himalaya range, it gave birth to the sweet lime (C. limettioides), Galgal (C. pseudolimon, n. sp.), Galgal Large (C. macrolimon, n. sp.), etc., but it left very important footprint in Assam in the form of closely related Citrus Limonia and C. Jambhiri. Undoubtedly both sour and sweet oranges (sect. AURANTIUM) are the direct descendants of the shaddock, having secure natural habitat in Assam, and posessing stabilized globose fruit with a great advancement of carotenoid pigmentation

収録刊行物

  • 園芸学会雑誌

    園芸学会雑誌 28 (2), 71-75, 1959

    一般社団法人　園芸学会

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