Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus in Indoor-Captive Cynomolgus Monkey Colony

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  • NAKAMURA Shinichiro
    Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science
  • TSUCHIYA Hideaki
    Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science
  • OKAHARA Norio
    Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science
  • NAKAGAWA Takahiro
    Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science
  • OHARA Naomi
    Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama
  • YAMAMOTO Hiroshi
    Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama
  • LI Tian-Cheng
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • TAKEDA Naokazu
    Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Building 10, National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health
  • OGASAWARA Kazumasa
    Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science
  • TORII Ryuzo
    Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science

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A serological survey of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody was conducted using 202 adult captive cynomolgus monkeys, who did not show any clinical signs of acute hepatitis. Out of these, 44 monkeys were sero-positive for anti-HEV IgG and all monkeys were negative for anti-HEV IgM. All positive monkeys came from either Vietnam or China, but none from the Philippines, Indonesia, or our facility. Selected 12 monkeys out of positive monkeys from Vietnum, including 9 positive and 3 negative, revealed mostly within the reference ranges for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparatate aminotransferase (AST) by serum biochemistries. Their titers of anti-HEV IgG did not correlate with the concentrations of ALT and AST. Moreover, HEV-RNA could not be detected from any fecal specimens of the 12 monkeys. Thus, monkeys with anti-HEV IgG sero-positive did not seem to be source of the HEV-pollution, because 1) sero-positive monkeys did not excrete HEV-RNA from their feces, and 2) monkeys from the Philippines and Indonesia have remained to be sero-negative for anti-HEV IgG, even if the monkeys were kept in same animal room of our facility. From these results, it could be inferred that primary infection of HEV occurred in the exported countries, but not in our colony. The contamination of HEV in indoor-captive monkeys could be prevented by precise quarantine tests, including ELISA for detecting anti-HEV and RT-PCR for HEV RNA.<br>

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