Pathological Features of Salivary Gland Cysts in a Shiba Dog with GM1 Gangliosidosis: A Possible Misdiagnosis as Malignancy

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  • RAHMAN Mohammad Mahbubur
    Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
  • KAWAGUCHI Hiroaki
    Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
  • MIYOSHI Noriaki
    Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
  • YABUKI Akira
    Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
  • NAKAMOTO Yuya
    Kyoto Animal Referral Medical Center, Kyoto 613-0036, Japan
  • OZAWA Tsuyoshi
    Kyoto Animal Referral Medical Center, Kyoto 613-0036, Japan
  • YAMATO Osamu
    Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan

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Abstract

Salivary gland cysts are often concurrent with GM1 gangliosidosis in Shiba dogs. Although the etiology is unknown, these cysts may be misdiagnosed as malignant due to the accumulation of foamy cells. The present study investigated the cytological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of salivary gland cysts in a Shiba dog affected with GM1 gangliosidosis. The salivary gland masses were surgically enucleated and examined clinicopathologically and pathologically in a 7-month-old Shiba dog with GM1 gangliosidosis. Many large cells with rich cytoplasm including vacuoles of various sizes, i.e., foamy cells, were observed in stamp smears from the cut-surface of the masses and histopathologically in major parts of the cyst wall. Some of these foamy cells presented features similar to a spider-web appearance. The foamy cells were confirmed to have originated from macrophages based on marked immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, HLA-DR, lysozyme and Iba1. An ultrastructural study demonstrated electron-dense vesicular structures in the vacuolated cells. Therefore, the masses were diagnosed pathologically as benign salivary gland cysts with accumulation of foamy cells. In conclusion, the histopathological features of the salivary gland cysts in this Shiba dog were similar to those of lipoma and/or liposarcoma. In such cases, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations were useful in the differential diagnosis. Practitioners, clinical pathologists and pathologists should take GM1 gangliosidosis into consideration when they encounter salivary gland cysts in Shiba dogs.

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