Requirement of Carp for Essential Fatty Acids

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  • コイの必須脂肪酸要求量
  • コイ ノ ヒッス シボウサン ヨウキュウリョウ

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Abstract

Feeding trials were conducted to determine the requirement of carp for linoleic and linolenic acids by feeding vearious diets containing both acids in different ratios. In addition, the growth effect of 22:6ω3 and ω3-HUFA was compared with that of linoleic and linolenic acids. Fat-free and EFA-deficient diets resulted in retarded growth. The addition of either methyl linoleate to the diets improved growth, linolenate being the more effective. However, the best weight gain and feed conversion were obtained in the fish receiving a diet supplemented with both 1% linoleate and 1% linolenate. On the other hand, the addition of ω3 fatty acids, not only 22:6ω3 but also ω3-HUFA, to the EFA-deficient diets vastly improved growth and feed conversion, the supplemental effect of 0.5% ω3-HUFA on carp growth slightly exceeding that of 1% 18:3ω3. Feeding the EFA-deficient diet resulted in increased levels of the “abnormal” polyunsaturated 20:3ω9 and monoethylenic fatty acids, 16:1 and 18:1. These levels were lowered by both ω6 and ω3 fatty acids, HUFA and 22:6ω3 appearing to be more efficient than 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3 in reducing the levels of these fatty acids.<br> Since carp require fatty acids of both the linoleic and linolenic families for growth, it seems reasonable to consider the ratio of 20:3ω9/20:4ω6 as well as 20:3ω9/22:6ω3 for the EFA index in carp. When both ratios are applied to carp as indices of EFA-deficiency, the former ratio becomes less than 0.4 and the latter less than 0.6 if the carp are receiving a sufficient amount of both ω6 and ω3 fatty acids.<br> Thus, the diet requirement of carp for linoleic and linolenic acids, respecitively, was found to be aroucd 1%. Moreover, 22:6ω3 and ω3-HUFA of the linolenic family were also effective as EFA not only in rainbow trout but also in carp.

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