色彩の表現閾について 表現の心理學 (III)

篠目 綾子, 城戸 幡太郎

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.11.194

The names of colour which we use in our daily life are so ambiguous that it is difficult to determine the limit of colour represented by a certain name in some manner. The 3549 thresholds of colour discrimination are found by Weissenborn, but we have not so many names that we can express such a number of colour thresholds. Kirschmann adopts Rot, Orange, Gelb, Gelbgrun, Grun, Blaugrun, Grunblau, Violettblau, Violett, Purper, Purperrot as a terminology of colour, but colours with proper name are only seven and the others are expressed, as middle, colours, by combining two names of colours. If a certain colour can be expressed in such a way, does it mean that we can perceive two colours at the same time? Such a terminology seems to fall into the stimulus error. A certain colour name would be applicable to wide limit of colourdiscrimination, because 3549 colours can be expressed by only 12 names of colours. Therefore we have to distinguish the threshold of colour expression from that of colourdiscrimination. The words express the thing in abstract rather in concrete, and consequently a colour in abstract. Our experiments intend to explain the relation of colour abstaction and colour constancy expressed in colour naming. Exp. I. On the determination of threshold of colour expression Instrument; Marbe's colour mixture. Method; Subjects observe the changing colour by the method of minimal change and express adequate name at the distinct point.Order of colour change; yellow→red→yellow. yellow→green→ yellow. green→blue→green. blue→red→blue. Sublects; 5 adults and 5 children. Results; 1) Threshold is larger in children than in adults except in the case of blue and children's expression is poor in general. 2) As far the threshold, red is more limited than yellow and blue, and yellow is more extensive than red and green, and green is more limited than yellow and blue, and blue is more extensive than green and red. In Japanese language green and blue are often confused as a-o and therefore the expression of these colours is poor in variety. Exp.II. On the name of colours Method; Let subjects name the 24 colours of Ostwald's colour circle. Subjects; 5 students specifying in psychology, 9 students in Japanese literature, 8 nurses, and 6 children. Results; 1) Subjects use various methods of naming according to their age and characters. 2) If we classify their expressions by types, we may say as follows, psychologists belong to the noun-type and therefore their expression is conceptional, and literary men belong to the adjective, especially verbal and adverbial type, and nurses and children belong to similar type. So a characteristic of children we find such expression as“pale red of red,” “red mixed with yellow,” “yellow and red,” and “red and yellow”. “Reddish yellow” may be distinguished from “yellow and red” as the expression of the same colour. Children express their own mind as the construction of “Und-Siimme”. Exp. III. On the abstraction of colour naming Method; Let subjects indicate the same kind of colours which are showed in Exp. III, with six colour names (yellow, orange, red, violet, blue, green), Subjects; 5 adults and 5 children. Results; 1) There are individual differences in naming colours. 2) Children tend to indicate yellow as green, orange as yellow compared with adults. 3) Children apply the name of red and blue to wider range than adults.

色彩の表現閾について表現の心理學 (III)

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