ゼラニウム(Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey)における紫色花作出のための遺伝様式の解明

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  • Genetic Analysis for the Production of Purple Flower Zonal Geranium (Pelargonium*hortorum Bailey).
  • ゼラニウム Pelargonium hortorum Bailey ニ オケル

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In order to produce strains with purple color in zonal geranium, the relationship between flower color and pigmentation was examined, and genetic analysis of the pigments was carried out. Purplish red strains were selfed and crossed with white-flowered strains (Table 1). The main anthocyanidins of purplish red strains were pelargonidin(Pg), peonidin (Pn) and malvidln (Mv). In the progenies of Pg-Pn-Mv type, four pigment types appeared i.e. Pg-Pn-Mv type, Pn type, Pn-Mv type and acyanic type (white). On the other hand, progenies of the Pn-Mv type segregated into Pn type, Pn-Mv type and acyanic type. Most of the plants of the Pg-Pn-Mv, Pn and Pn-Mv types gathered in the 7RP, 5RP and 2RP color region, respectively (Fig.2). Then after, crosses were repeat, ed two or three times. However, no plants showing Mv type or purple flowers (9P) were observed. Plants with superior co-pigment effect were not detected, although co-pigmentation occured in petals (Fig.3). A highly negative correlation (r=- 0.636* * *) was obtained between the Mv ratio and the hue values in the Pn-Mv strain (Fig.4). On the other hand, a highly positive correlation between the amount of pigments and lightness, and chroma was observed (Fig. 5). To investigate the cause of the lack of Mv type in the progenies, the genetic analysis of the pigments was carried out. We assumed that the gene of respective pigments was Pg/pg for pelargonidin, Pn/pn for peonidin and Mv/mv for malvidin, and the genes which controlled DFR (conversion from dihydroflavonol to leucoanthocyanidin) and/or LDOX (conversion from leucoanthocyanidin to anthocy-anidin) were E1/e1 and E2/e2. Consequently, the genotype of the white strains used in the experiment was considered to be recessive homozygote for the Pg and Mv genes, whereas, dominant homozygote for the Pn gene (pgpgmvmvPnPn) (Tables 2, 3). The expression of Pn may be suppressed by the presence of recessive e1 and e2. As a result, it was concluded that the genotype of the white flower used in the experiment may not be recessive homozygote and there was no effect of lethal gene on the Mv plants. Furthermore, this assumption was verified based on the crosses between the white-flowered stralns and three wild Pelargonium plants. In the F1 generation, the Pn pigment could be detected by the recovery of E1 and E2 genes from wild species, although Pn pigment was not detected in two wild species (Fig. 6).

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