一人称代名詞の包括形・除外形の体系

• 早田 輝洋

  大東文化大学

書誌事項

タイトル別名

• Inclusive and Exclusive in Premodern Chinese and Manchu Pronouns

抄録

Chinese and Manchu have been said to have a distinction between the ‘inclusive we’ including the hearer(s) and the ‘exclusive we’ excluding the hearer(s). However, in both Chinese and Manchu, sometimes the inclusive we is used for a group which does not include the hearer(s) and sometimes the exclusive we is used for a group which does include the hearer(s). An attempt is made here to account for all the exceptions and show, based on the uses of the first person plural pronouns in fin Ping Mei, and its Manchu translation prefaced in 1708, that for both Chinese and Manchu the inclusion of the hearer(s) is irrelevant in the distiction between the so-called inclusive and exclusive, and that the distinction between the two is between the absence and the presence of the feature [part]. An inclusive pronoun, thus, is simply a first person plural pronoun unspecified for [part], whereas an exclusive one, which is specified as [part], denotes the part of a whole including the speaker and other(s), and presupposes the remaining part of the whole. The proposed system is shown as follows:<br>exclusively singular- exclusively<br>singular plural plural<br>INCLUSIVE zan za(n)men, za(n)mei<br>'unmarked (Manchu: muse)<br>(whole-part)'<br>wo<br>(Manchu: bi, min-)<br>EXCLUSIVE an, anmen women<br>‘marked(part)’ (Manchu: be, men-)<br>Manchu does not employ the singular-plural pronouns. The present-day Chinese of Peking follows only the exclusively singular and exclusively plural Manchu-type system. Although an and anmen occur far more than women in Jing Ping Mei, in present-day Peking an and anmen have fallen out of use and women prevails. It is not unreasonable to think that the extinction of an and anmen originated from the Manchu-type system used by Manchus in Peking who had ceased to use Manchu and begun to speak Chinese.

収録刊行物

• 言語研究

  言語研究 2004 (125), 145-171, 2004

  日本言語学会

キーワード

• 包括形
• 除外形
• 近世漢語
• 満洲語
• 有標と無標

詳細情報

• CRID: 1390282680099382656
• NII論文ID: 130003565737
• DOI: 10.11435/gengo1939.2004.125_145
• ISSN: 21856710
• ISSN: 00243914
• 本文言語コード: en
• データソース種別:
  • JaLC
  • CiNii Articles
  • KAKEN
• 抄録ライセンスフラグ: 使用不可