支石墓研究

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Dolmen Research
  • シセキ ボ ケンキュウ タクシケイシセキ ボ
  • Table-shaped Dolmens
  • 卓子形支石墓

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抄録

The "First Torii Ryuzo Southern Manchurian Survey" of 1895 marked the start of dolmen research. Torii regarded the stone chambers called Kososeki of Sekibokujo as what are known as "dolmens" in Europe. These were the northern style, now called "table-shaped" dolmens. Further, Torii later extended his survey to the Korean peninsula, and recognized the existence of "go board shaped" dolmens, now classed as the southern style. Torii pointed out the existence and distributions of these two styles, and regarded the go board shape as older. This was the start of the single origin, unilineal approach to dolmen research. Subsequently, this remained the framework until the appearance from the 1960s of single origin, multilineal studies by Arimitsu Kyoichi, Komoto Masayuki, and Seki Koshun, who posited a plurality of forms deriving from a single stock. But the unilineal approach to dolmen research is not yet finished.<BR>Based upon what can be learned from the cairn-marked burials, pottery, and bronze implements of the Liaotung region, as a single type of ground stone sword was used as a burial good in several types of dolmens, the author has previously expressed doubts about the traditional approach. Namely, it was pointed out that while the table-shaped style assumed that form from the very start, the southern or go board style traces back to the cairn-marked burials of the Liaotung peninsular region, which the author has termed tosekibo.<BR>In this paper, the northern, table-shaped dolmens are called shisekibo. The position of the rear orthostat, or upright stone, in relation to those left and right of the entrance, is taken as the key point in further dividing these dolmen into the Shokanton type, in which the rear orthostat abuts the ends of the lateral stones, and the Koryu type, in which it is positioned within the inward facing surfaces of the laterals. Both types have examples exhibiting additional elements, and along with conjectures about their original forms, typological sequences and chronologies are described in which multiple forms were possibly made in parallel fashion.<BR>Although dolmens are believed to have been made by several regional cultures of Liaoning, Jilin, and the Korean peninsula, treatment limited to any particular region is not appropriate. But rather than assume the existence of a common culture and society throughout this area, the evidence indicates a change towards particularization of a common original form, as dolmens were made in several regional cultures.<BR>It is not clear what type of culture produced dolmens in the Jilin region. For the Liaotung peninsular area, dolmens are presumed to have been the major form of burial in the first part of the Bronze Age, and in the western Korean peninsula, from the time of the Komagata pottery culture on.<BR>Keywords: Dolmens; Table-shaped dolmens; Bronze age; Northeastern China; Korean Peninsula

収録刊行物

  • 日本考古学

    日本考古学 6 (7), 1-24, 1999

    一般社団法人 日本考古学協会

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