Impact of Low-and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Differs by Smoking Status in Middle-Aged Men

DOI PubMed 35 References
  • Hayase Taichiro
    Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College. Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College.
  • Ayaori Makoto
    Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College. Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College.
  • Sato Hiroki
    Department of Medical Informatics, National Defense Medical College. Department of Medical Informatics, National Defense Medical College.
  • Tanaka Nobukiyo
    Department of Cardiology, Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital. Department of Cardiology, Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital.
  • Ohashi Koichiro
    Japan Self Defense Force Gifu Hospital. Japan Self Defense Force Gifu Hospital.
  • Uto-Kondo Harumi
    Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College. Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College.
  • Ikewaki Katsunori
    Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College. Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College.
  • Ohsuzu Fumitaka
    Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College.

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Abstract

Aim: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for atherosclerotic disease; however, it remains unclear whether the impact of other risk factors differs by smoking status. The aim of this study was to investigate this issue, especially with regard to low-density and high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) levels.<BR>Methods: In total, 448 healthy, middle-aged men (aged 37 to 61) participated in this study. Smoking habits were recorded, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by B-mode ultrasound, and serum lipids and other biochemical parameters were determined from fasted blood samples.<BR>Results: Among the overall subjects, multivariate regression analyses showed that IMT was significantly associated with age (p < 0.0001 for mean IMT, p= 0.002 for max IMT), body mass index (BMI, mean IMT, p= 0.028), LDL-C levels (mean/max IMT, p= 0.001), HDL-C levels (max IMT, p= 0.022) and current smoking habit (mean IMT, p=0.012). Subgroup analyses according to smoking status revealed that LDL-C levels were significantly associated with mean/max IMT in current smokers (p=0.001) but not in ex- or nonsmokers (never smoked subjects). After adjusting for age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c and serum lipids, mean IMT respectively increased and decreased progressively across LDL-C and HDL-C quartiles (p= 0.004 and 0.045) in the overall subjects. These associations were observed in current smokers (p= 0.01) but not in ex- or nonsmokers for LDL-C, and were observed in ex- and nonsmokers (p= 0.025, 0.017, respectively) but not in current smokers for HDL-C.<BR>Conclusion: The impact of LDL-C/HDL-C levels on carotid IMT differs by smoking status. These observations imply that distinct mechanisms are involved in the (anti) atherogenesis of LDL/HDL according to smoking status.

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