Effects of Deuterium Oxide on Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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A complex aggregation of microorganisms growing on a solid substrate is termed a biofilm and is considered to be an etiological agents. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans are representative bacteria in such biofilms. It is well known that deuterium oxide (D2O) causes toxic effects on a number of biological systems. We investigated the effects of D2O on growth and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and S. mutans. These bacteria were incubated in medium containing D2O (100%, 75% or 0%) at 37°C for 24hr, 48hr or 72hr. Growth of P. aeruginosa was inhibited by D2O within the first 48hr. However, after 72hr, growth rate was seen to increase in the D2O-containing medium compared with in medium without D2O. In contrast, the growth of S. mutans in the D2O medium was inhibited within 72hr. The biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa was increased in the D2O medium. Biofilm formation of S. mutans in the D2O medium increased compared with in the medium without D2O, but this increase was only temporary in the case of P. aeruginosa. Compared to biofilm formation in 0% D2O medium marked as 100%, the biofilm formation rate of S. mutans in 75% D2O medium was 143% at 24hr, 146% at 48hr and 130% at 72hr. In other D2O concentration media biofilm formation was lower. In 100% D2O medium, biofilm formation rate decreased from 114% at 24hr to 56% at 72hr. The biofilm formation rate of P. aeruginosa in 100% D2O medium was 172% at 24hr, but decreased to 88% at 72hr. Biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in 75% and 0% D2O media showed no significant difference. We consider that these results were due to stress or alteration in bacterial metabolisms.

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