妊婦における齲蝕原性細菌数と喫煙および食事に関する実態調査

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  • Salivary Mutans Streptococci Levels, History of Smoking and Diet among Japanese Pregnant Women

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Objective: As part of a caries prevention program, a baseline survey determined caries risk, and examined its relationship to diet and smoking history in a sample of Japanese pregnant women. Subjects and methods: All of the 400 Japanese pregnant women aged 19-43 years (mean: 29.2 y, SD=4.2,3rd-6th month of pregnancy), who visited Miyake OBGYN Clinic, Okayama, were surveyed in the clinic which is the largest in Okayama-city. A three-page,50 item questionnaire covering diet, use of chewing gum/tablet/toothpaste/mouthwash, daily use of xylitol chewing gum, smoking history, and demographics was designed and was used. The survey on diet was a modification of an earlier validated work adapted for Japanese. Salivary mutans streptococci level, an indicator of caries risk, was determined (Dentocult SM®, Orion Diagnostica, Finland). The frequency score of each food item consumed during the last month (0=never,1=rarely,2=1 time per week,3=2-3 times per week,4=1 time per day,5=2-3 times per day,6=4+times per day) and smoking history (yes/no)were compared among Dentocult SM score (SM) groups.<BR>Results: The proportion of each score was 8.5% (SM=0),35.3% (SM= 1 ),38.0% (SM=2), and 18.3% (SM = 3). More than half of the Japanese pregnant women were at a high caries risk (56.3%; SM=2 or 3), and less than one out of ten high risk women had visited dental practices (7.8%). Less than one out of ten (8.8%) pregnant women had smoked. No significant difference but trend was found on the presence of smoking among SM groups (p=0.08). The highest food frequencies were rice (mean=4.59), milk (3.07), bread (2.98), sugared yoghurt (1.56), ice cream/sorbet (1.47), cold drink (1.41), banana (1.36), cheese (1.29), sugar or honey in coffee or tea (1.26), lactic acid drinks (1.19), candy (1.16), chocolate (1.06) and plain yogurt (1.01) were rated as the most frequently consumed by the pregnant women. Significant differences were found on the frequency scores of 8 food items between the risk groups. Almost one out of 20 (5.3%) had chewed gum including xylitol everyday. Almost of the half (48.6%) of the pregnant women had chewed gum,9.2% had eaten tablet or mints, while 99.4% had used toothpaste, and 8.3% had used mouthwash during the last month.<BR>Conclusions: These results suggested that the considerable effort will be required by the oral health profession to intervene or give oral health instruction into this population.

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