Hypomineralized Enamel of Dens Invaginatus: Its distinct images and pathogenesis of the Type III invagination using micro-focusing computed tomography

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  • Yamada Maiko
    Department of Endodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry
  • Nagayama Motohiko
    Department of Oral Pathology, Asahi University School of Dentistry
  • Katsumata Akitoshi
    Department of Oral Radiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry
  • Kawano Satoshi
    Department of Endodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry
  • Gen Keika
    Department of Dentistry for the Disability and Oral Health, Asahi University School of Dentistry
  • Ehara Michiko
    Department of Oral Pathology, Asahi University School of Dentistry
  • Nakao Juna
    Department of Oral Pathology, Asahi University School of Dentistry
  • Tanuma Jun-ichi
    Department of Oral Pathology, Asahi University School of Dentistry
  • Yoshida Takakazu
    Department of Endodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry

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Abstract

Dens invaginatus (DI) is one of the rare developmental tooth anomaly, and generally resulting from invagination of the inner enamel epithelium into the dental papilla before calcification. However, it remains unclear whether the invaginated enamel mineralizaion is lower than outer enamel, the association with the resistance to invaginated enamel caries and the inflammatory lesions mediated their invagination. Because of the difficulties of treating and the tendency of their inflammatory lesions mediated their malformed structures, teeth extracted from the patients with DI, were collected in our hospital and analyzed by three-dimensional micro-focusing computed tomography (µCT) to clarify the differences of the invaginated enamel in mineral density (MD), and to find their pathogenesis of tooth anomaly and associated inflammatory lesions by histological analysis. The teeth were fixed with 10% formaldehyde and analyzed by µCT, decalcified specimens were performed to histological (HE) and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin AE1/AE3. All invaginated teeth enamel showed extremely lower MD than did the outer enamel. Interestingly there were no carious lesions in the invaginated enamel. HE showed thin reduced enamel epithelium on the surface of invaginated enamel and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 markedly showed positive their cellular matrix. The persistent reduced enamel epithelium of the invaginated enamel indicates delayed or inhibited maturation after tooth eruption. This failure of maturation results in lower MD but resistance to enamel caries. However, the structural abnormalities of DI teeth may allow bacteria to enter the interior of the tooth through the invagination, causing pulpitis or apical periodontitis. (243 words)

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