Relationship Between Eye Movements During Reading and Character Array in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

• Kanenaga Keisuke

  Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare

• Oka Mayumi

  Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare

• Hoshihara Noriko

  Kawahara Eye Clinic

• Hashimoto Mayo

  Kawahara Eye Clinic

• Mori Toshiko

  Fujimoto Clinic of Otolaryngology

• Kawahara Masaaki

  Kawahara Eye Clinic

Bibliographic Information

Other Title

• 注意欠陥多動性障害児における読みの眼球運動と文字配列の関係

Abstract

[Purpose] It has been reported that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children may be accompanied by eye movement abnormalities. We investigated the influence of character space and linage on eye movements during reading in children with ADHD.<br>[Subjects and Methods] Subjects were 5 children (average age, 6.4 ± 0.5 years) with ADHD. Of 5, 2 subjects had intermittent exotropia. In addition, 5 children (average age, 6.4 ± 0.5 years) with orthophoria or phoria as the control group and 5 children (average age, 7.0 ± 0.6 years) with intermittent exotropia as the strabismus group were also included. The Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test was used to assess eye movements during reading. The DEM test comprised test A, B, and C. Test A and B had 2 evenly spaced vertical lines with single-digit numbers in each line. In test C, single-digit numbers were arranged in 16 unevenly spaced horizontal lines. Eye movements during the DEM test were recorded by Eye Mark recorder-9^®. The read-aloud time per line, number of saccades, saccadic velocity, and fixation duration in test C were analyzed. The number of saccades was measured with respect to space (visual angle) between numbers (< 2º, ≥ 2º and < 4º, ≥ 4º and < 6º, ≥ 6º and < 10º, and ≥ 10º). <br>[Results] The mean DEM ratios for the ADHD, control, and strabismus groups were 1.90 ± 0.3, 1.47 ± 0.1, and 1.40 ± 0.2, respectively. Compared with the control group, the ADHD group showed extended read-aloud time for row 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 13. When the space between any two numbers was < 4º, no difference in the number of saccades was seen between the ADHD and control groups. However, when the space was ≥ 4º, the number of saccades in the ADHD group was significantly greater than that in the control group. No difference in saccadic velocity and fixation duration was seen between the ADHD and control groups.<br>[Conclusion] In children with ADHD, character space and linage influenced eye movements during reading. Special consideration made to the character array in the visual aid will be necessary to prevent or detect learning disability.

Journal

• JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL

  JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 43 (0), 249-255, 2014

  JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED ORTHOPTISTS

Keywords

• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• saccadic eye movement (saccade)
• Developmental Eye Movement test (DEM)
• character array
• visual attention

Details

• CRID: 1390282679225179904
• NII Article ID: 130004822889
• DOI: 10.4263/jorthoptic.043f127
• ISSN: 18839215
• ISSN: 03875172
• Web Site: https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015182406
• Text Lang: ja
• Data Source:
  • JaLC
  • Crossref
  • CiNii Articles
• Abstract License Flag: Disallowed