わが国における中小金融機関による金融圏の構造

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タイトル別名
  • TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN JAPAN
  • ワガクニ ニ オケル チュウショウ キンユウ キカン ニヨル キンユウケン ノ

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“Capital” has long been considered as a major force of urbanization. Few geographers have studied “Capital” from the spatial point of view. The purpose of this study is to analyze chronologically the distribution of capital accumulation and investments. By doing this, urban economic areas are delimited and the fundamental nature of the development of urbanization is understood.<br> There are varied financial institutions in Japan. In this study, Credit Associations (Shinyo Kinko), which are small and medium in size, were selected. Credit Associations were established by the Act of Credit Associations in 1951. The purposes for establishing the Credit Associations were to facilitate monetary circulation and to promote saving among the general public. To be eligible as members of a Credit Association, individuals should reside or work and business establishment (Small and medium) should be located within the designated territory of the Credit Association. Its main financial activities are to deal in deposits from the members as well as from the general public, and to loan money to the members. Accordingly, its financial activities are local. The number of Credit Associations in Japan in 1977 was 469, and their branches and agencies amounted to 4, 340 and 57 respectively. In terms of monetary value, the ratio of deposit and loan of Credit Associations to those of all financial institutions were 8.7% and 7.7% respectively in 1975.<br> In order to delimit the territory of each Credit Association, its headquarters and branches were connected by lines, and the area that encloses these lines was termed financial territory. Physiographic conditions and main transportation networks were also taken into account in drawing the boundaries of financial territories. The changes in financial territories were mapped for every five years after 1960. The Directory of Credit Associations of Japan was used as the major data source to draw the boundaries. Since it was not published in 1970, the Directory of Credit Associations published in 1969 was used to substitute for the data of 1970. Each Credit Association differs from the others in its size of deposit and loan, and the ratio of loan to deposit. Each financial territory was weighted according to its deposit, loan, and the ratio of loan to deposit in 1975. Then the financial territories were classified on the basis of the means and standard deviations of deposits, loans, and the ratios of loans to deposits of all the Credit Associations.<br> 1. The financial territories of Credit Associations are concentrated in the Tokyo, Chukyo, and Hanshin metropolitan areas, indicating the agglomeration of financial acti-vities in the three large metropolitan areas. On the other hand, the distribution of financial territories in rural areas is extraordinarilly sparse. The distribution shows strong regional variation.<br> 2. In many financial terrifories, the total sums of deposits greatly from those of loans, indicating the relative imbalance of the two activities.<br> 3. The ratio loan to deposit greatly differs from a territory to another, and loans are made between financial territories, resulting in interterritorial movements of capital.<br> 4. Many Credit Associations expanded their territories. Good examples are seen in Hokkaido. In 1960, financial territories in Hokkaido did not overlap with each other. This was due to the regulations made by the Ministry of Finance whereby the financial territory of a Credit Association was limited to particular administrative units (for example, city, town, or village). In 1965, the financial territories of Credit Associations in Kushiro, Asahikawa and Monbetsu expanded. In 1969, the Credit Associations established their branches in large centers, and their territories overlapped.

収録刊行物

  • 地理学評論

    地理学評論 51 (1), 22-37, 1978

    公益社団法人 日本地理学会

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