Tooth tissue and organ regeneration using stem cells

DOI 1 Citations 36 References
  • Ishida Kentaro
    Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
  • Oshima Masamitsu
    Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
  • Tsuji Takashi
    Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan Department of Industrial Science and Biology, Graduate School of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, Japan

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Abstract

Tooth loss or damage, such as that caused by dental caries and periodontaldisease, can cause fundamental problems with oral functions. The development ofregenerative therapy for tooth tissue repair and whole-tooth replacement is currentlyconsidered a novel treatment with the potential to fully recover tooth function. Severalmesenchymal stem cell-like cell types have been identified in oral tissues. These cellsare thought to be good candidate cell sources for tooth tissue regeneration therapiesbecause they exhibit the ability to differentiate into tooth tissues in vitro and in vivo.Whole-tooth replacement therapy is regarded as an important model system for thedevelopment of the concept of organ regeneration. A novel three-dimensional in vitro cell manipulation method, designated as an organ germ method, has been developed torecapitulate organogenesis. This method involves cell compartmentalization betweenepithelial and mesenchymal cells at a high cell density to mimic the multicellularassembly and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. The bioengineered tooth germgenerates a structurally correct tooth in vitro, and erupted successfully with correcttooth structure when transplanted into a tooth socket in the oral cavity. We could alsogenerate a size-controlled bioengineered mature tooth unit composed of periodontalligament and alveolar bone. The bioengineered tooth unit was successfully engraftedinto an adult jaw through bone integration. These bioengineered teeth were able toperform physiological tooth functions such as mastication, periodontal ligamentfunction and response to noxious stimuli. Here, we review recent studies of toothtissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the technologies underpinning toothregenerative therapy.

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