A Microflow-Extraction System Using Double Tubes Having Different Inner Diameters in Tube Radial Distribution Phenomenon

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  • UNESAKI Katsuya
    Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
  • HASHIMOTO Masahiko
    Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
  • TSUKAGOSHI Kazuhiko
    Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University Tube Radial Distribution Phenomenon Research Center, Doshisha University

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Abstract

When homogeneous solutions that feature two-phase separation properties, such as a non-ionic surfactant aqueous solution, are fed into an open-tubular capillary tube, the solvent molecules are radially distributed into the tube, generating inner and outer phases. This is called “tube radial distribution phenomenon” (TRDP). In this study, a novel microflow-extraction system was proposed using double capillary tubes having different inner diameters in the TRDP. The tubes were fused-silica capillary tubes with a 75 and 250 μm inner diameter; the smaller tube was inserted into the larger one through a T-type joint. A homogeneous aqueous solution containing 12 wt% Triton X-100 as a non-ionic surfactant and 2.4 M potassium chloride was fed into the larger tube at a flow rate of 20 μL min-1, where the tube was maintained at a temperature of 34°C. The homogeneous aqueous solution changed to a heterogeneous solution with two phases in the tube; the surfactant-rich phase was generated in the middle of the tube as an inner phase, while the aqueous phase containing a little of the surfactant was formed near the tube wall as an outer phase. In the TRDP Rhodamine B dissolved in the homogeneous solution was distributed into the inner surfactant-rich phase. The distributed Rhodamine B (red color) was observed with a bright-field microscope-CCD camera system. In the present microflow-extraction system, taking advantage of the TRDP, the inner phase containing Rhodamine B flowed inside the smaller tube, while the outer phase flowed outside the tip of the smaller tube into the larger tube, which was made using double capillary tubes having different inner diameters. This observation showed that Rhodamine B dissolved in the homogeneous solution was separated or extracted into the inner surfactant-rich phase through the double capillary tubes based on the specific microfluidic behavior of the TRDP.

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