ガンマナイフ治療の歴史

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  • The History of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

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The stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS)concept was created by the great Professor Lars Leksell(1907-1986). He was the successor of one the world's pioneering neurosurgeons, Professor Herbert Olivecrona(1891-1980)who was the first chairman of the Neurosurgical Department at Karolinska Hospital. One of his themes in neurosurgical practice was to minimize invasiveness. Professor Leksell succeeded in taking this theme to its pinnacle. He devised a treatment which, instead of stereotactic surgery in which infection and/or hemorrhage inevitably occurred at certain incidences, cross-fired ionizing beams from multiple directions to produce a small lesion in deep brain structures, e.g., the thalamus, basal ganglia and so on, with no risk of such complications. Following 17 years of dedicated labor, the prototype of the gamma knife became available in 1968. Nevertheless, the usefulness of gamma knife SRS only came to be widely recognized in the 1990s. The author describes the more the 60-year history of the gamma knife since its inception in 1951. Some of these stories are already known but others are hidden episodes. This article focuses on why such a prolonged incubation period, from 1951 to 1968, was necessary as well as the lag from 1968 until the 1990s in the recognizing the enormous utility of the gamma knife.

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