Preparation of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nano-structured Ceramics by Solvothermal Solidification Method

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We propose the solvothermal solidification method to prepare dense ceramics at lower temperature. The procedure of the solvothermal solidification method are mainly composed of a preparation of green compact containing precursor particles and a conversion from the precursors into the desired compound via the solvothermal reaction inside the compact. This solvothermal reaction is accompanied by a densification of the ceramics; synthesized particles fill the pores inside the compact and are connected with each other by crystal growth. To prepare dense BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics, the green compacts consisting of BT and TiO2 mixed nanoparticles, or TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared and were converted into BaTiO3 by the solvothermal treatment below 200 °C. The relative density of the compacts significantly increases by the solvothermal reaction because the conversion reaction of TiO2 into BT is accompanied by a volume increase. BT ceramics with a high relative density up to approximately 90% could be obtained by optimizing the solvothermal reaction conditions. However, the dielectric constant of these BT dense ceramics prepared by the solvothermal solidification method is much smaller than that of BT ceramics prepared by the solid-phase method because of the defect in the synthesized BT crystals and/or a size effect.

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