Gonadal function, fertility, and reproductive medicine in childhood and adolescent cancer patients: a national survey of Japanese pediatric endocrinologists

  • Miyoshi Yoko
    Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan Childhood Cancer Survivor Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Yorifuji Tohru
    Childhood Cancer Survivor Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
  • Horikawa Reiko
    Childhood Cancer Survivor Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  • Takahashi Ikuko
    Childhood Cancer Survivor Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
  • Nagasaki Keisuke
    Childhood Cancer Survivor Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
  • Ishiguro Hiroyuki
    Childhood Cancer Survivor Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics, Isehara Kyodo Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
  • Fujiwara Ikuma
    Childhood Cancer Survivor Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
  • Ito Junko
    Childhood Cancer Survivor Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  • Oba Mari
    Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
  • Kawamoto Hiroshi
    Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  • Fujisaki Hiroyuki
    Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
  • Kato Masashi
    Consultation, Counseling and Support Service Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  • Shimizu Chikako
    Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  • Kato Tomoyasu
    Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  • Matsumoto Kimikazu
    Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  • Sago Haruhiko
    Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  • Takimoto Tetsuya
    Center for Clinical Research and Development, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  • Okada Hiroshi
    Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
  • Suzuki Nao
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
  • Yokoya Susumu
    Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  • Ogata Tsutomu
    Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
  • Ozono Keiichi
    Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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An increasing number of pediatric cancer patients survive, and treatment-related infertility represents one of the most important issues for these patients. While official guidelines in Japan recommend long-term follow-up of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs), their gonadal function and fertility have not been clarified. To address this issue, we organized a working panel to compile evidence from long-term survivors who received treatments for cancer during childhood or adolescence. In collaboration with members of the CCS Committee of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (JSPE), we conducted a questionnaire survey regarding reproductive function in pediatric cancer patients. A cross-sectional survey was sent to 178 JSPE-certified councilors who were asked to self-evaluate the medical examinations they had performed. A total of 151 responses were obtained, revealing that 143 endocrinologists were involved in the care of CCSs. A quarter of the respondents reported having experienced issues during gonadal or reproductive examinations. Several survivors did not remember or fully understand the explanation regarding gonadal damage, and faced physical and psychological distress when discussing the risk of becoming infertile. Pediatric endocrinologists had anxieties regarding their patients’ infertility and the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and delivery problems. Only a limited number of endocrinologists had experience with managing childbirth and fertility preservation. Many councilors mentioned the necessity for inter-disciplinary communication among healthcare providers. Both endocrinologists and oncologists should set and follow a uniform clinical guideline that includes management of fertility of CCSs.

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