Poor Oral Health and Diet in Relation to Weight Loss, Stable Underweight, and Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study From the JAGES 2010 Project
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- Nakamura Mieko
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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- Ojima Toshiyuki
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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- Nakade Miyo
- Department of Registered Dietitians, Faculty of Human Wellness, Tokaigakuen University
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- Ohtsuka Rika
- Department of Home Care Coordinators, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
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- Yamamoto Tatsuo
- Department of Dental Sociology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
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- Suzuki Kayo
- Department of Policy Studies, Aichi Gakuin University
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- Kondo Katsunori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
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Abstract
Background: Involuntary weight loss and underweight increase the risks of mortality and disability in older people. However, the association and interaction of poor oral health and dietary intake with body mass index (BMI) have not been elucidated.<BR>Methods: Data were analyzed for 96 794 respondents aged >65 years who were randomly selected from 31 Japanese municipalities in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Weight loss was defined as ≥2–3 kg of loss over the preceding 6 months. BMI was evaluated in respondents without weight loss. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with weight loss, underweight, and obesity as dependent variables and having fewer teeth (<20) and infrequent food intake as independent variables, with adjustment for potential confounders.<BR>Results: Weight loss was associated with having fewer teeth (men: odds ratio [OR] 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–1.3; women: OR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3) and infrequent fruit/vegetable intake (men: OR 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1–1.2; women: OR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3–1.5) and fish/meat intake (OR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3 for both sexes). No interaction was observed between having fewer teeth and food intake. Obesity was associated with the same factors: having fewer teeth (ORs 1.2 and 1.3 for men and women, respectively) and infrequent intake of fruit/vegetables (ORs 1.1 and 1.2 for men and women, respectively) and fish/meat (OR 1.1 for both sexes). Infrequent fruit/vegetable intake showed a higher OR for underweight in women with fewer teeth than for others.<BR>Conclusions: Having fewer teeth and infrequent food intake were associated with both weight loss and obesity. A significant interaction was observed in the associations of having fewer teeth and infrequent food intake with underweight in women.
Journal
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- Journal of Epidemiology
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Journal of Epidemiology 26 (6), 322-329, 2016
Japan Epidemiological Association