保育所における1歳児の生活行為からみた空間・環境に関する研究

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • A RESEARCH ON CREATING A GOOD ENVIRONMENT OF ONE-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN'S ROOM IN JAPANESE CHILD DAYCARE CENTRES
  • 保育所における1歳児の生活行為からみた空間・環境に関する研究 : 関東圏内の2園における温熱空気環境に着目して
  • ホイクジョ ニ オケル 1サイジ ノ セイカツ コウイ カラ ミタ クウカン ・ カンキョウ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ : カントウ ケンナイ ノ 2エン ニ オケル オンネツ クウキ カンキョウ ニ チャクモク シテ
  • 関東圏内の2園における温熱空気環境に着目して
  • A special focus on indoor temperature and air environment of two child daycare centres in KANTO area

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抄録

 Recently the Japanese society needs much more childcare facilities with good qualities of indoor environment for nursing and educating children. At present, however, there is no specific standard for keeping good qualities of indoor environment注 2) 1) 2) in Japan. Moreover, there are not many studies to illustrate the ways to create indoor environment of children's daycare facilities. The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the current situations of indoor environment of children's daycare centres such as temperature, air environment and space compositions of one-year-old children's rooms.<br> In order to know the environment, we conducted a survey by measurement observation and questionnaire in two daycare centres in major cities in Japan. The contents of the measurement observation are indoor temperature, humidity, air dust density, carbon dioxide and the furniture's size in the room.<br> The two daycare centres divide the rooms into those of playing, eating and toileting spaces. Furthermore, there is a napping space for an afternoon nap. To create these spaces, they use many kinds of furniture which are shorter as well as taller than one-year-old children's eye level. Spaces created by shorter furniture are open for both children and the childcare workers so that they can play actively. On the other hand, spaces created by taller furniture are closed, which is useful for children to play calmly.<br> The indoor environment — temperature, air dust density, and carbon dioxide density – changes not only by the seasons but also people's movement. First, temperature varies depending on places and height of the room. The coldest places in winter are near the entrance and windows at 500mm above the floor. Second, air dust density increases most when children come back from outside play and also changes depending on the seasons. In spring, the density increases because of wind and drying. Therefore, to control the density by opening or closing windows is important. In summer, it is necessary to clean the rooms several times in a day because of mite breeding. In fall, there are a lot of allergen in the air such as mite remains and their eggs. In winter, air dust diffuses because of drying. Therefore, to keep humidity is important in winter. Third, carbon dioxide density increases by human's metabolism so that ventilation is requisite especially when they are using air conditioning system with windows closed.<br> The questionnaire examined the current situations of installing equipment in the centers. The results of the questionnaire show that most of the daycare centres install air conditioning system. However, the frequency of using it is different from each center depending on its own principles or policies for nursing.<br> Finally, this study proposes the effective methods to create better indoor environment based on the findings of this research – the factors of affecting the indoor environment such as temperature, humidity, air dust and carbon dioxide density. The methods are: First, to use higher furniture in order to make eating and sleeping spaces clean and calm with low dust density; second, to ensure large entrance spaces to clean the dust from children's outside play, which increases the dust density; third, to clean and ventilate the rooms while children are playing outside. Then these effective methods should be applied and controlled depending on the conditions of each daycare centre. Further important suggestion to make for children's facilities is to set each measurement instrument at the right place to grasp the accurate environmental situations and adopt the right ways accordingly to create good indoor environment of the facilities.

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