住宅内温熱環境と居住者の介護予防に関するイベントヒストリー分析

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS OF INDOOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND CARE PREVENTION OF RESIDENTS
  • 住宅内温熱環境と居住者の介護予防に関するイベントヒストリー分析 : 冬季の住宅内温熱環境が要介護状態に及ぼす影響の実態調査
  • ジュウタク ナイ オンネツ カンキョウ ト キョジュウシャ ノ カイゴヨボウ ニ カンスル イベントヒストリー ブンセキ : トウキ ノ ジュウタク ナイ オンネツ カンキョウ ガ ヨウカイゴジョウタイ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ ノ ジッタイ チョウサ
  • －冬季の住宅内温熱環境が要介護状態に及ぼす影響の実態調査－
  • A field survey on the effect of winter indoor thermal environment on care requirements

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 As ageing of the population progresses, long-term care becomes a more pressing health issue. In Japan, the gap between healthy life expectancy and average life span is expected to grow; therefore, it is necessary to extend healthy life expectancy while minimising the need for long-term care. The effect of indoor air temperature on the health of the elderly has recently attracted attention. Thus, in this study, we clarify the relationship between the indoor thermal environment and the care requirements of the elderly.<br> This research was conducted as a field study comprising actual measurements of indoor thermal environment, questionnaire surveys, and data collection from face sheets in 2014. The study area was Senri New Town, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Participants were elderly residents (65-91 years) who were using a day service facility. The indoor air temperature 1.1 m above the floor was measured over approximately 2 weeks in the living room, bedroom, corridor, and dressing room at 5-min intervals. Relative humidity was also measured in the living room and bedroom concurrently. Questionnaire surveys regarding personal factors and housing were distributed. Data about health conditions and diseases requiring care were also collected. Data about care level, date of care certification, and care certification period were collected from long-term care insurance cards.<br> Regarding the frequency of feeling cold in each of the rooms, participants who answered “1) Frequently” and “2) Sometimes” were assigned to the high-frequency group, whereas those who answered “3) Seldom” and “4) Never” were assigned to the low-frequency group. Mean living room and dressing room temperatures were significantly lower in the high-frequency group than in the low-frequency group (p < 0.01). Mean room temperatures were also compared between houses with different insulation performance. The mean room temperatures in the corridors and dressing rooms were lowest for “Pre-1980 standards” households, and highest for “Over 1992 standards”.<br> The results describe the differences in room temperature between the frequency of feeling cold in dressing rooms, which is affected by low insulation performance, and verifies the association between indoor thermal environment and long-term care through subjective evaluation. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) method was used to analyse the speed of certification for the participants' long-term care needs. The age at which half of the group was certificated was 76 years in the high-frequency group and 80 years in the low-frequency group (p < 0.05). The chi-square test showed that there were no significant differences in personal factors between the two groups, confirming that the result in KM method could be explained by the difference in the thermal environment in the dressing rooms.<br> Our results suggest that it is necessary to maintain an appropriate indoor thermal environment to prevent the need for long-term care, especially the indoor thermal environment in rooms other than the living room, such as the dressing room. The results of this study are expected to promote improvements in the indoor thermal environment, thereby contributing to care prevention among frail elderly people.

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