Association between the nutritional status and the severity of sarcopenia among community-dwelling elderly Japanese people

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  • Komai Satsuki
    Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
  • Watanabe Yutaka
    Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology National Center for Geriatric and Gerontology
  • Fujiwara Yoshinori
    Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
  • Kim Hunkyung
    Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
  • Edahiro Ayako
    Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
  • Kawai Hisashi
    Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
  • Yoshida Hideyo
    Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
  • Obuchi Shuichi
    Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
  • Tanaka Yayoi
    Komazawa Women's University
  • Hirano Hirohiko
    Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology

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Other Title
  • 日本の地域在住高齢者における栄養状態とサルコペニア重症度の関連性の検討―BMI，Alb，体重減少の有無との関連―
  • ニホン ノ チイキ ザイジュウ コウレイシャ ニ オケル エイヨウ ジョウタイ ト サルコペニア ジュウショウド ノ カンレンセイ ノ ケントウ : BMI,Alb,タイジュウ ゲンショウ ノ ウム ト ノ カンレン

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Abstract

<p>Aim: To investigate the association between nutritional evaluation indices (body mass index, albumin, and weight loss) and sarcopenia severity among community-dwelling elderly people in Japan.</p><p>Methods: The subjects consisted of 758 community-dwelling elderly people ≥65 years of age, categorized into two groups by based on Operation of long life medical care system (medical care system for elderly in the latter stage of life), the cut-off value for age used was 75. The outcome measures were basic characteristics, anthropometric measures, physical function, and blood biochemistry (five assessments). The appendicular skeletal muscle mass was calculated via a bioelectrical impedance analysis. The subjects were categorized into three groups by the body mass index (BMI) [BMI 3 group]. The cut-off value for albumin used was 3.8 g/dL [A1b 2 group]. Weight loss was assessed using item 11 on the Kihon check list: "Have you experienced more than 2-3 kg weight loss over the past 6 months? Yes=1, No=0." [weight loss 2 group]. Sarcopenia was defined based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People definition, using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia cut-off values. All subjects were then categorized into four groups based on their sarcopenia status: non-sarcopenic (non-), pre-sarcopenic (pre-), sarcopenic (sarco-), or severely sarcopenic (severe-) [sarco4 group].</p><p>Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in men was 5.6% (n=18) and 1.2% (n=4), respectively, and in women was 7.8% (n=34) and 1.6% (n=7), respectively. The analysis showed that, among the people (>75 years of age) with normal BMI (18.5-25.0), 10.4%-15.6% were in the Sarco group. Further, among women over 75 years of age with BMI >25.0, 5.7% (n=2) were in the Sarco group. There was a significant association between weight loss and sarcopenia severity in older men. No significant association between albumin levels and sarcopenia severity was observed. 80.0% of weight-loss was presented in above BMI 18.5 kg/m2 and Alb 3.8 g/dL.</p><p>Conclusion: Sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were prevalent among those with normal BMI, and particularly among obese women over 75 years of age. Weight-loss was presented in above BMI 18.5 kg/m2 and Alb 3.8 g/dL. Our findings indicate that the nutritional evaluation indices, including BMI, albumin, and weight loss, were insufficient in screening for malnutrition and sarcopenia among the elderly.</p>

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