Japan's Employment System and Family Responsibility

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  • Hattori Ryoko
    Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University

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  • 労働レジームと家族的責任
  • ロウドウ レジーム ト カゾクテキ セキニン

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Abstract

This paper analyzes the effects of Japan's family responsibility support policy related to care work. A gender-segregated structure was formed in the Japanese employment system where the male worker was the breadwinner and the female was the caregiver in a family. This structure was linked to the tax system and the social security system, in both of which the male breadwinner supported the full-time housewife. The 1985 reform of the national pension system introduced “Category III insured persons” that did not need to pay contributions. The gender-segregated structure against the Equal Employment Opportunity Law introduced a course-based personnel management system to keep the gender-segregated structure. The collapse of the bubble economy brought longer working hours and more non-regular work for people as part-timers or temporary workers. Positive action policies for children and working mothers and father could not be utilized sufficiently in the employment system.

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