アーバン・エスニシティ論再構築のための一試論

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タイトル別名
  • Toward a Theoretical Reconstruction of Urban Ethnicity in Africa
  • アーバン・エスニシティ論再構築のための一試論--アフリカ都市社会論序説
  • アーバン エスニシティロン サイ コウチク ノ タメ ノ イチシロン アフリカ
  • アフリカ都市社会論序説

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抄録

Ethnicity has been a matter of controversy and is still a key concept in African urban studies. This paper, however, either intends to make vain effort to redefine it nor to put the already established definitions in order. The purpose of this study lies in elucidating a dynamic process of ethnic formation and devel opment.<br>　Theoretical points of view on ethnicity presented so far can be roughly classified into two types. According to the one, ethnicity is regarded as a cognitive tool for categorization through which cultural and behavioral difference are tranformed into ethnic categories. The other type assumes ethnicity to be a means to increase common politico-economic interests as much as possible.<br>　But both types do not give a sufficient answer to the problem of ethnic flexibility, that is, a situational selection of ethnic identity or the fluctuation of ethnic boundary. This paper pays much more attention to the creation and reconstruction process of urban ethnic identity and tries to make clear the mechanism which governs this process and produces ethnic flexibility in it.<br>　On the nature of urban ethnicity, one idea has been very prevalent that it should be a replica of the rural cultural identity (“tribal” identity). This idea of continuity is, however, too simple for understanding complex urban phenomenon. This paper introduces a hypothetical concept of basic ethnic boundary as a prototype image of ethnicity, a kind of collective illusion molded in the homeland. To be sure, some characteristics of urban ethnicity may be borrowed from basic ethnic boundary but the nature of urban ethnicity is newly created and developed in a fashion unique to itself.<br>　Lastly this paper substantiates the idea that urban ethnic identity and its collective consciousness should be generated as a resistance to structural inequality and uncertainty peculiar to an urban environment. This will be approached through the analysis of everyday life discouse rather than of ritual discourse.

収録刊行物

  • ソシオロジ

    ソシオロジ 29 (3), 33-55,181, 1985

    社会学研究会

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