Inter- and intra-specific genetic divergence of Asian tiger frogs (genus Hoplobatrachus), with special reference to the population structure of H. tigerinus in Bangladesh

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  • Sultana Nasrin
    Institute for amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
  • Igawa Takeshi
    Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University
  • Islam Mohammed Mafizul
    Institute for amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
  • Hasan Mahmudul
    Institute for amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
  • Alam Mohammad Shafiqul
    Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University
  • Komaki Shohei
    Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University
  • Kawamura Kensuke
    Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University
  • Khan Md. Mukhlesur Rahman
    Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University
  • Sumida Masayuki
    Institute for amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University

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  • Inter- and intra-specific genetic divergence of Asian tiger frogs (genus <i>Hoplobatrachus</i>), with special reference to the population structure of <i>H. tigerinus</i> in Bangladesh

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<p>The five frog species of the genus Hoplobatrachus are widely distributed in Asia and Africa, with Asia being considered the genus’ origin. However, the evolutionary relationships of Asian Hoplobatrachus species remain ambiguous. Additionally, genetic diversity and fundamental differentiation processes within species have not been studied. We conducted molecular phylogenetic analysis on Asian Hoplobatrachus frogs and population genetic analysis on H. tigerinus in Bangladesh using the mitochondrial CYTB gene and 21 microsatellite markers. The resultant phylogenetic tree revealed monophyly in each species, notwithstanding the involvement of cryptic species in H. chinensis and H. tigerinus, which are evident from the higher genetic divergence between populations. Bayesian inference of population structure revealed genetic divergence between western and eastern H. tigerinus populations in Bangladesh, suggesting restricted gene flow caused by barriers posed by major rivers. However, genetic distances among populations were generally low. A discrete population is located in the low riverine delta region, which likely reflects long-distance dispersal. These results strongly suggest that the environment specific to this river system has maintained the population structure of H. tigerinus in this region.</p>

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