Demonstration of QCM Measurement of Water during Its Freezing-Thawing Process

<p>Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements of soft/wet materials during the freezing-thawing process were carried out by admittance analysis of the QCM oscillations using water as the soft/wet sample. The influence of the freezing and thawing of water on the QCM response was examined as a function of temperature based on the resonant frequency, <i>f</i>_s, resonant resistance, <i>R</i>, and the equivalent circuit parameters of the QCM system determined by admittance analysis. The supercooled freezing and thawing behaviors of water were monitored from a viscoelastic point of view using the QCM. The QCM response and the liquid–solid phase changes in water were evaluated based on the <i>LCR</i> model through admittance analysis.</p>