市街地の津波避難訓練における住民による災害時要援護者の搬送速度と輸送力

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タイトル別名
  • VELOCITY AND TRANSPORTATION ABILITY OF TRANSPORTING VULNERABLE PEOPLE DURING TSUNAMI EVACUATION DRILL IN A COMMUNITY
  • 市街地の津波避難訓練における住民による災害時要援護者の搬送速度と輸送力 : 神戸市真陽地区におけるシルバーカー、介助車、車いすおよびリヤカーを用いた屋外の搬送避難
  • シガイチ ノ ツナミ ヒナン クンレン ニ オケル ジュウミン ニ ヨル サイガイジ ヨウ エンゴシャ ノ ハンソウ ソクド ト ユソウリョク : コウベシ シン ヨウ チク ニ オケル シルバーカー 、 カイジョシャ 、 クルマイス オヨビ リヤカー オ モチイタ オクガイ ノ ハンソウ ヒナン
  • 神戸市真陽地区におけるシルバーカー、介助車、車いすおよびリヤカーを用いた屋外の搬送避難
  • Outdoor evacuation with rollator, transport chair, wheelchair and cart in Sinyo Bokomi, Kobe, Japan

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 The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether using some instruments to transport vulnerable people for tsunami evacuation is practical in a living area or not. We set up a hypothesis that supporters could help vulnerable people escape from a tsunami by using some transportation tools faster than on their own. On January 17 in 2015 and 2016, we carried out an earthquake and tsunami drill in Shinyo community of Kobe city to see if our hypothesis worked using four instruments. Those instruments were as follows; a rollator, a transport chair, a wheelchair and a cart. We fitted assistant equipment to a rollator in order to prevent a boarding person's foot from being caught in the ground.<br> Assuming that a tsunami had occurred, the evacuation supporters picked vulnerable people up at their homes and pushed a transportation tool with loading them to the evacuation site. They crossed the National Route 2 and headed north to higher elevation. Their destination was the Mizukasa Park which is located about 1,400m from coastline.<br> As a result of measurement of time, every subject could escape from the possible tsunami warning zone quicker than the estimated tsunami hitting time for Hyogo prefecture. The estimated time is 90 minutes for Nagata ward, Kobe city. The fastest subject reached the Park in 11 minutes 46 seconds and the final one in 27 minutes 58 seconds. In this case, there were 62 minutes 2 seconds of spare time for the evacuation. The average transportation speeds of a rollator, a transport chair, a wheelchair and a cart were 1.03m/sec, 1.42m/sec, 1.50m/sec and 1.27m/sec, respectively not counting each stopping time.<br> In this study, we calculated transportation efficiency as evacuation transportation ability and evacuation transportation quantity. The former means how many kilometers a supporter was able to transport a vulnerable person per hour namely it is multiplied boarding capacity by kilometers per hour and divided it by the number of supporter(s). The latter means how many kilometers a supporter transported a vulnerable person per hour in the drill. In other words, it is multiplied the number of vulnerable people by kilometers per hour and divided the number of supporter(s). The results of evacuation transportation ability were as follows. A rollator was 3.7person·km/h, a transport chair 5.1person·km/h, a wheelchair 5.4person·km/h and a cart 4.6person·km/h. In the same way, the results of evacuation transportation quantity were a rollator 3.7person·km/h, a transport chair 5.1person·km/h, a wheelchair 5.4person·km/h and a cart 2.3person·km/h. It turned out that a wheelchair was the most efficient to transport.<br> A few days after the drill, an evaluation meeting was held by the participants. Most of the participants commented that they felt ill riding on each transport tool but they should be able to endure it in case of an emergency. They reached a consensus on reasonable number of supporter for a cart was 2 persons. It proved that the rescue order sheet worked effectively in the drill.<br> In conclusion, our hypothesis proved that using transportation tools was an effective method to evacuate vulnerable people from a tsunami. So, we suggest that communities should incorporate using those instruments into their community evacuation plans and put them to practical use in case of tsunami.

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