ラーニング・プログレッションズを踏まえた科学教育の検討

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  • A study on Science Education Based on Learning Progressions: Focusing on the Curriculum of IQWST
  • ラーニング・プログレッションズを踏まえた科学教育の検討 : IQWSTのカリキュラムに着目して
  • ラーニング ・ プログレッションズ オ フマエタ カガク キョウイク ノ ケントウ : IQWST ノ カリキュラム ニ チャクモク シテ
  • ―IQWST のカリキュラムに着目して―

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<p>In this study, I will attempt to examine science curriculum design based on learning progressions (LPs). For this purpose, I focus on the practices of Investigating and Questioning our World through Science and Technology　(IQWST), a project presided over by Joseph Krajcik who is one of the first researchers that investigates LPs in science education in the U.S.</p><p>LPs are materials that describe successively more sophisticated ways of thinking about how learners develop key disciplinary concepts and skills within a grade level and across multiple grades. They are used in order to develop national standards such as the “Next Generation Science Standards” (2013), or design long-term curricula.</p><p>IQWST is research project that aims to design the next generation of middle school science textbooks or instructional materials. IQWST uses some LPs to design science curricula and develop the curriculum design model known as “Construct-Centered Design,” modelwhich is based on the concept of LPs.</p><p>I examine IQWST through the following steps. First, I describe Krajcik’s idea of LPs by marshal history and the features of LPs through a review of his opinions. Second, I examine IQWST’s curriculum, which is based on LPs. Especially, I also examine IQWST chemistry units such as “How Does Food Provide My Body with Energy?” Finally, I bring out the significance of this method of curriculum design. The following results were found after following these steps.</p><p>First, LPs ensure coherent designs for learning goals and intra-unit curricula. In the IQWST unit, Krajcik and his colleague unpack national standards from some points of view by means of using LPs. By doing this, they are aware of difficulties which students will have and stress effective instructional strategy in designing the unit. What is more, using LPs enable teachers to assess students’ understanding and differentiate instruction based on their assessments. By means of this, students can rejoin the main developmental path that is represented by LPs. Furthermore, IQWST intends for all students to be able to attain the learning goal of these units.</p><p>Second, LPs enable designing for inter-unit coherence in the curriculum. In the IQWST curriculum, Krajcik and his colleague set a unit learning goal across and within different content domains ― such as biology or chemistry ― or multiple grades by means of using some LPs for students to develop their understanding of scientific ideas or skills. By means of this, students use these ideas or skills repeatedly, and apply them in their life.</p><p>It is significant that in this curriculum design, students who study in curricula and units based on LPs can understand the potential value of important ideas or skills and develop them progressively. What is more, they use their prior understanding to study different content domains. As they learn key disciplinary concepts and skills earlier, at a more primitive level, they develop along with LPs without developing misconceptions.</p>

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